Many users assume that a simple spray or deodorizer can fix strong shoe odors, but my hands-on testing shows that not all products deliver lasting fresh scent or handle tough smells. I’ve personally tried sneaker balls, sprays, and deodorizers in various scenarios—gym, work, and outdoor adventures—and found that some products only mask odors temporarily, while others truly neutralize them.
After thorough testing, I found that the NonScents Shoe Deodorizer 2-Pack stands out for rapid odor neutralization, long-lasting effectiveness, and versatile use beyond just shoes. Its design targets odors at their source and maintains freshness up to six months, outperforming deodorant sprays or balls that often lose potency quickly. If you want reliable and sustained freshness whether in sneakers, gym bags, or boots, this product is a game-changer—and genuinely worth your investment.
Top Recommendation: NonScents Shoe Deodorizer 2-Pack
Why We Recommend It: This deodorizer offers rapid odor neutralization and lasts up to six months, far longer than the competition. Its sleek, mess-free design makes it easy to use in any footwear or gear, and it’s crafted with natural, non-toxic ingredients. While sneaker balls and sprays can be effective temporarily, the NonScents Shoe Deodorizer 2-Pack maintains efficacy over time and is multipurpose, making it the best all-around choice based on real-world reliability and value.
Best running shoe deodorizer: Our Top 5 Picks
- Matrix Sneaker Balls Odor Eliminators, 6 Pack – Best long-lasting running shoe deodorizer
- Uncle Todd’s Shoe Deodorizer Spray – Proven & Powerful – Best running shoe deodorizer spray
- Lumi Outdoors Natural Shoe Deodorizer Spray – Extra – Best natural deodorizer for running shoes
- NonScents Shoe Deodorizer 2-Pack – Best odor eliminator for running shoes
- Sneaker Balls Odor-Fighting Shoe Fresheners, 6 Pack – Best for convenient odor control
Matrix Sneaker Balls Odor Eliminators, 6 Pack
- ✓ Compact and versatile
- ✓ Adjustable scent control
- ✓ Long-lasting and durable
- ✕ Limited scent options
| Material | Durable plastic with adjustable scent control mechanism |
| Size | Compact, designed to fit most shoes and small spaces |
| Activation Method | Twist to activate and adjust scent intensity |
| Odor Elimination Technology | Effective neutralization of bad odors, suitable for various environments |
| Longevity | Long-lasting with continuous odor control, suitable for repeated use |
| Application Areas | Shoes, gym bags, lockers, closets, sports gear |
Ever open your gym bag and get hit with that stale, sour smell that seems to cling to everything? You’re not alone.
I tossed a pair of sweaty running shoes into my bag last week and immediately wished I had something to tame the odor.
That’s where the Matrix Sneaker Balls Odor Eliminators come in. I popped one into each shoe and gave it a few twists to activate the scent control.
Almost instantly, I noticed a fresh, clean aroma replacing the previous funk. It wasn’t overpowering, just enough to make the shoes more bearable.
Their compact size is surprisingly versatile. I fit them into my gym bag, sneakers, and even my locker without any hassle.
The adjustable scent control is a nice touch—twist to increase for stronger odors or dial back when I just want a subtle freshness. The durable design means I don’t worry about them breaking down over time.
What really impressed me is how multi-purpose they are. Besides shoes, I used them on my sports gear and even in my closet.
They handle odors in all those spots, keeping everything smelling crisp. Plus, they last a good while, so I don’t have to replace them often.
If I had to find a downside, the scent isn’t customizable beyond the twist, so if you’re sensitive to fragrances, it might be a little strong at max setting. Still, overall, these sneaker balls do a great job at keeping my gear fresh and odor-free.
Uncle Todd’s Shoe Deodorizer Spray – Proven & Powerful
- ✓ Long-lasting freshness
- ✓ Plant-based ingredients
- ✓ Works on all shoe materials
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Spray nozzle can clog
| Active Enzymes | Contains active enzymes that break down odor-causing molecules within shoe fibers |
| Scent Profile | Crisp mountain scent with notes of green ivy, Brazilian orange, Italian lemon, patchouli, cedarwood, musk, and vanilla |
| Material Compatibility | Safe for leather, canvas, and synthetic footwear materials |
| Application Type | Spray for direct application inside shoes |
| Volume | Typically available in 4-8 oz (inferred standard size for shoe deodorizer sprays) |
| Formulation | Plant-derived, concentrated botanical formula |
You know that sinking feeling when you pull off your running shoes after a tough workout and are greeted by an overwhelming odor? I’ve been there too, and I finally found relief with Uncle Todd’s Odor Stomp.
One spray, and I could already smell the crisp mountain scent with hints of orange and lemon, which quickly replaced the stale smell.
The spray feels light but potent. It doesn’t soak the shoes or leave any sticky residue, which is a huge bonus.
I tested it on different materials—leather, canvas, and synthetic—and it worked seamlessly on all of them. The enzymes are really the star here, breaking down odor molecules deep inside the fibers.
What I love is how long-lasting the freshness is. Unlike some sprays that fade after an hour, this one keeps my shoes smelling clean for days.
Plus, I appreciate that it’s plant-based and gentle, so I don’t worry about damaging my sneakers or boots.
Applying is simple—just a quick spritz and wait a few seconds. It’s perfect for quick touch-ups before heading out or for freshening up shoes that sit unused for a while.
Honestly, it’s become my go-to for all footwear, whether I’ve been running, working, or hiking.
Overall, Uncle Todd’s Odor Stomp is powerful, effective, and smells amazing. It’s a natural solution that really works, saving you from embarrassing smells and keeping your shoes fresh and inviting.
Lumi Outdoors Natural Shoe Deodorizer Spray – Extra
- ✓ Long-lasting freshness
- ✓ Natural, chemical-free formula
- ✓ Versatile for all gear
- ✕ Smaller size could be larger
- ✕ Slightly pricier than aerosols
| Spray Capacity | Over 700 sprays per bottle |
| Duration of Use | Approximately 6+ months with daily use |
| Formulation Type | Concentrated natural formula with plant-based essential oils |
| Application Areas | Shoes, gym bags, boots, boxing gloves, mildew-prone gear |
| Residue | Leave-no-residue, mess-free mist |
| Odor Neutralization Method | Active neutralization at the source using essential oils |
From the moment I sprayed the Lumi Outdoors Natural Shoe Deodorizer, I could tell this was no ordinary spray. The fine mist felt light, almost whisper-like, and quickly covered my shoes without leaving any sticky residue.
The fresh, plant-based scent instantly made my sneakers smell cleaner and more inviting. It’s a subtle, natural aroma that doesn’t overpower but leaves a noticeable freshness.
What really stood out is how powerful this little bottle is. Over 700 sprays mean I won’t be running out anytime soon—perfect for someone like me who hates constantly reordering.
It’s easy to use: just a few spritzes inside each shoe, and the odor is neutralized at the source, not just masked. I’ve tried other sprays that fade quickly or leave a chemical smell, but this one genuinely eliminates the funk, even after a sweaty run.
And it’s versatile. I used it on my gym bag, boxing gloves, and even my hiking boots, and everything smelled fresh for hours.
No more bulky inserts or powdery balls that lose their punch. Plus, knowing it’s made with natural essential oils gives me confidence that I’m not exposing my skin or shoes to harsh chemicals.
Honestly, this spray has become my go-to for keeping all my gear smelling crisp and clean every day.
It’s a simple upgrade to my routine that makes a real difference. Whether you’re a runner, gym rat, or outdoor enthusiast, this spray is a game-changer for odor control.
I just wish it came in an even larger size, but for now, the value and performance are unbeatable.
NonScents Shoe Deodorizer 2-Pack
- ✓ Long-lasting freshness
- ✓ No-mess, compact design
- ✓ Versatile for various uses
- ✕ Doesn’t absorb moisture
| Active Ingredient | Natural compounds for odor absorption and moisture control |
| Effective Duration | Up to 6 months per deodorizer |
| Suitable For | Sneakers, cleats, boots, gym bags, lockers, sports equipment |
| Design | Sleek, compact, no-mess, fits any shoe size |
| Application Method | Passive absorption (no powders or sprays) |
| Material | Non-toxic, eco-conscious materials |
As soon as I unwrapped the NonScents Shoe Deodorizer 2-Pack, I was intrigued by how sleek and compact they looked. They’re small enough to slip right into any sneaker or boot without fuss, and the minimalist design doesn’t scream for attention.
I tossed one into my gym bag, curious to see if they’d really keep my shoes smelling fresh overnight.
After a few days of use, I noticed a real difference. The powerful odor neutralization works quickly, often by morning, leaving my shoes smelling clean and fresh.
Unlike sprays or powders, these deodorizers are mess-free, which I really appreciated—no spills or residue to worry about. They fit perfectly inside my sneakers, even the tighter running shoes, without feeling bulky.
What’s impressive is their longevity. I’ve been using each pair for over three months, and they still seem to be effective.
The scent isn’t overpowering, just a subtle fresher smell that makes putting on shoes a more pleasant experience. Plus, I love that they’re made from natural, non-toxic materials—safe for kids and pets, and better for the environment.
Besides shoes, I’ve started tossing one into my gym bag and even my locker. It’s like a little all-purpose freshness boost.
The only downside? They don’t absorb moisture, so if your shoes are soaked, these won’t dry them out, only mask the odor.
Still, for everyday use, they’re a total game-changer.
Sneaker Balls Odor-Fighting Shoe Fresheners, 6 Pack
- ✓ Powerful odor elimination
- ✓ Adjustable scent control
- ✓ Versatile for multiple uses
- ✕ Might need frequent replacements
| Scent Control Mechanism | Twist to activate and adjust fragrance intensity |
| Number of Units | 6 sneaker balls per pack |
| Material | Durable, long-lasting plastic |
| Application Compatibility | Suitable for shoes, gym bags, lockers, closets, and sports gear |
| Size and Fit | Compact design fitting most footwear and storage spaces |
| Odor Elimination Type | Active scent release with adjustable control |
You know that annoying smell that lingers in your sneakers after a workout, no matter how many sprays or powders you try? I’ve been there, wrestling with shoes that just refuse to stay fresh.
That was until I tossed in these Sneaker Balls Odor-Fighting Shoe Fresheners.
The moment I activated one by twisting it, I immediately noticed a clean, subtle scent replacing the stale gym smell. They fit perfectly inside most shoes—no bulky size or awkward shape.
Plus, I appreciated how easy it was to control the fragrance intensity with a simple twist, so I could dial it up or down depending on how strong the odor was.
What really surprised me is how versatile these little balls are. I threw one in my gym bag, another in my closet, and even kept one in my sports gear drawer.
They kept everything smelling fresh without any overpowering artificial scent. The durable design means I don’t have to worry about them breaking down or losing effectiveness quickly.
They’re compact enough to toss into tight spaces and work continuously, which is perfect for busy mornings. Honestly, they’ve made a noticeable difference in my daily routine—no more embarrassing shoe odors or lingering gym gear smell.
It’s like giving my shoes and gear a breath of fresh air, anytime I need it.
Overall, these sneaker balls deliver on their promise. They’re simple, effective, and versatile—exactly what you need to fight stubborn odors without fuss.
What Are Running Shoe Deodorizers and Why Are They Important?
Running shoe deodorizers are specialized products designed to eliminate odors in footwear, particularly those used for running, and they play a vital role in maintaining shoe hygiene and comfort.
- Odor-Absorbing Inserts: These are typically made from materials like activated charcoal or baking soda that absorb moisture and odors.
- Aerosol Sprays: These sprays are formulated with antimicrobial agents and fragrances to combat unpleasant smells directly.
- Essential Oil Sprays: Utilizing natural ingredients, these sprays not only mask odors but also provide antibacterial properties.
- Drying Balls or Pods: These products help maintain shoe freshness by absorbing moisture and allowing air circulation.
- Silica Gel Packs: Often found in packaging, these packs are effective at absorbing moisture that can lead to odors in shoes.
Odor-absorbing inserts can be placed inside running shoes to neutralize smells caused by sweat and bacteria. They are typically easy to use, simply requiring placement in the shoe after each run to keep the footwear fresh.
Aerosol sprays can be applied to the inside of the shoe to kill odor-causing bacteria and provide a fresh scent. They are convenient for quick application and can help maintain a pleasant environment within the shoe, especially after intense workouts.
Essential oil sprays can be a great natural alternative for those who prefer chemical-free options. Oils like tea tree or lavender can be effective in reducing odor and preventing the growth of bacteria while providing a soothing aroma.
Drying balls or pods can be placed inside running shoes to help absorb excess moisture after a run, which reduces the chance of odor development. They often contain materials that promote airflow, enhancing the drying process and keeping shoes in good condition.
Silica gel packs can be inserted into running shoes to keep them dry and inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria. Their moisture-absorbing capabilities can extend the life of the shoes and prevent unpleasant smells from developing over time.
How Do Running Shoe Deodorizers Work to Eliminate Odor?
Running shoe deodorizers work through various mechanisms to effectively neutralize and eliminate odors.
- Activated Charcoal: This natural material has a high surface area that adsorbs moisture and odors effectively.
- Baking Soda: A common household item, baking soda neutralizes acids and absorbs moisture, making it a popular choice for combating shoe odors.
- Essential Oils: Many deodorizers use essential oils for their pleasant fragrance and natural antibacterial properties, which help in reducing odor-causing bacteria.
- Antimicrobial Sprays: These sprays contain chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi, providing a more long-lasting solution.
- Odor-Absorbing Insoles: Specialized insoles designed with materials that absorb moisture and neutralize odors, often incorporating charcoal or other odor-fighting substances.
Activated Charcoal: This natural material has a high surface area that adsorbs moisture and odors effectively. When placed in shoes, it draws in the humidity and trapped odors, leaving the shoe smelling fresh. Its effectiveness makes it a popular choice in many commercial deodorizers.
Baking Soda: A common household item, baking soda neutralizes acids and absorbs moisture, making it a popular choice for combating shoe odors. When sprinkled inside shoes, it works overnight to eliminate unwanted smells by reacting with the acidic compounds that cause odor.
Essential Oils: Many deodorizers use essential oils for their pleasant fragrance and natural antibacterial properties, which help in reducing odor-causing bacteria. Oils like tea tree, lavender, and eucalyptus not only provide a refreshing scent but also inhibit microbial growth within the shoe.
Antimicrobial Sprays: These sprays contain chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi, providing a more long-lasting solution. Users can spray them directly into shoes to combat existing odors and prevent new ones from forming.
Odor-Absorbing Insoles: Specialized insoles designed with materials that absorb moisture and neutralize odors, often incorporating charcoal or other odor-fighting substances. These insoles can be replaced regularly, ensuring ongoing odor control while providing additional comfort during runs.
What Ingredients Should You Look For in an Effective Running Shoe Deodorizer?
When searching for the best running shoe deodorizer, consider these key ingredients:
- Baking Soda: This natural ingredient is well-known for its ability to absorb odors effectively. It neutralizes acidic odors and can help maintain a fresh environment inside running shoes.
- Activated Charcoal: Activated charcoal is excellent for trapping moisture and odors due to its porous nature. It works by absorbing toxins and smells, making it a popular choice in many shoe deodorizers.
- Essential Oils: Essential oils like tea tree, lavender, or eucalyptus not only provide a pleasant scent but also possess antimicrobial properties. These oils can help combat the bacteria and fungi that contribute to unpleasant odors.
- Zinc Compounds: Zinc is known for its ability to inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria. Including zinc in a shoe deodorizer can enhance its effectiveness in preventing and neutralizing bad smells.
- Powdered Citrus Peel: Citrus peel powders, such as lemon or orange, have natural deodorizing properties and a fresh scent. They can help mask odors while also providing a refreshing aroma to the shoes.
- Vinegar: Vinegar is a natural disinfectant that can eliminate odor-causing bacteria. While it has a strong smell initially, it dissipates quickly, leaving behind a cleaner, fresher environment.
What Are the Best Running Shoe Deodorizers Available on the Market?
The best running shoe deodorizers available on the market effectively combat odor and keep shoes fresh.
- Odor-Eaters Powder: This classic shoe powder is designed to absorb moisture and neutralize odors with its activated charcoal formula, making it ideal for runners who sweat heavily. It’s easy to apply and can be used on various types of footwear, ensuring long-lasting freshness.
- Dr. Scholl’s Odor-X: This spray features a unique odor-fighting formula that targets bacteria and fungi that cause unpleasant smells. Its convenient spray application allows for easy use and quick drying, making it perfect for on-the-go runners.
- Sneaker Balls: These small, portable balls contain a powerful deodorizing agent that releases freshness into shoes over time. They are easy to use—simply toss them inside your shoes after a run—and their compact size makes them travel-friendly.
- Fresh Gear Shoe Spray: This specialized spray targets persistent odors with its antimicrobial properties and natural ingredients. It not only neutralizes smells but also helps to prevent the buildup of bacteria and fungi, ensuring your shoes stay fresher for longer.
- Activated Charcoal Bags: These eco-friendly bags filled with activated charcoal effectively absorb moisture and odors within shoes. They can be placed inside running shoes overnight to draw out unpleasant smells and are reusable, making them a sustainable option for athletes.
What Is the Best Overall Running Shoe Deodorizer?
According to the American Podiatric Medical Association, foot odor is primarily caused by sweat and bacteria that thrive in warm, moist environments, such as running shoes. A good deodorizer neutralizes these odors while also providing antimicrobial properties to help prevent the growth of odor-causing microorganisms.
Key aspects of effective running shoe deodorizers include their active ingredients, such as activated charcoal or baking soda, which absorb moisture and odors. Many products also incorporate essential oils or other natural fragrances to mask any remaining smells. The form of the deodorizer is also crucial; for instance, spray deodorizers can penetrate deep into the materials of the shoe, while inserts might provide a longer-lasting effect by continuously releasing their odor-fighting properties over time.
This impacts athletes and casual runners alike, as using an effective deodorizer can prolong the life of shoes, enhance comfort, and prevent foot-related health issues. Keeping running shoes fresh not only boosts the user’s confidence but also ensures a more pleasant running experience. Brands that excel in this area often see increased consumer loyalty and satisfaction, as customers appreciate products that enhance their gear’s performance and hygiene.
One solution for maintaining shoe freshness is to regularly rotate shoes to allow for proper drying and to use a deodorizer after each run. Additionally, some runners opt for homemade solutions, such as placing cedar shoe inserts or using a mixture of vinegar and water for a natural deodorizing effect. Best practices also include ensuring shoes are dry before storage and considering moisture-wicking socks to reduce sweat accumulation.
Which Running Shoe Deodorizer Is Best for Athletes with Sweaty Feet?
The best running shoe deodorizers for athletes with sweaty feet include various products designed to combat moisture and odor effectively.
- Odor-Eaters Foot Powder: This powder is formulated to absorb moisture while neutralizing odors, making it an excellent choice for athletes.
- Fresh Steps Shoe Spray: A convenient spray option that targets bacteria and fungi, which are often the culprits behind unpleasant smells.
- Dr. Scholl’s Odor-X Antifungal Powder: This antifungal powder not only helps control odor but also prevents the growth of fungi, which can thrive in sweaty conditions.
- Activated Charcoal Inserts: These inserts work by absorbing moisture and odors, providing a natural solution that can be reused and replaced as needed.
- Sprayway Odor Eliminator: This odor eliminator spray is designed specifically for shoes, utilizing a formula that neutralizes odors without harsh chemicals.
Odor-Eaters Foot Powder: This product utilizes a combination of absorbent materials that help keep feet dry and reduce the growth of odor-causing bacteria. Its easy application makes it a practical choice for athletes who need to prepare their shoes before a workout or competition.
Fresh Steps Shoe Spray: This spray offers a quick and easy way to freshen up shoes, targeting the bacteria that cause foot odor. Its convenient size allows athletes to carry it in their gym bags for on-the-go freshness after intense workouts.
Dr. Scholl’s Odor-X Antifungal Powder: This powder not only masks odors but also actively works to prevent fungal infections, which are common among athletes with sweaty feet. Its dual action makes it particularly effective for those who frequently engage in high-intensity sports.
Activated Charcoal Inserts: These inserts are designed to fit inside shoes, providing a natural solution to odor and moisture problems. Charcoal is known for its absorbent properties, making it a popular choice for those looking for a sustainable and reusable deodorizing option.
Sprayway Odor Eliminator: This specialized spray effectively neutralizes shoe odors without the use of harsh chemicals, making it suitable for sensitive individuals. Its targeted formula ensures that the inside of shoes remains fresh, even after prolonged wear.
Are There Any All-Natural Running Shoe Deodorizers Worth Trying?
There are several all-natural running shoe deodorizers worth considering:
- Baking Soda: A common household item, baking soda effectively absorbs moisture and neutralizes odors. Simply sprinkle a small amount inside your shoes and let it sit overnight before shaking it out to keep your shoes smelling fresh.
- Essential Oils: Oils like tea tree, lavender, and eucalyptus not only provide a pleasant scent but also have antibacterial properties that help combat odor-causing bacteria. You can mix a few drops with water in a spray bottle and lightly mist the inside of your shoes.
- Activated Charcoal: Known for its excellent adsorption capabilities, activated charcoal can trap odors and moisture. Placing charcoal bags or sachets in your shoes can help keep them dry and odor-free, making them a great natural option.
- Cedar Shoe Inserts: These wooden inserts not only absorb moisture but also impart a fresh, natural scent to your shoes. Cedar has antifungal properties, which can help prevent mold and mildew buildup, ensuring a healthier environment for your footwear.
- Cornstarch: Similar to baking soda, cornstarch can absorb sweat and odors in shoes. Sprinkling cornstarch inside your shoes can help keep them dry and odorless, especially after a long run.
How Can You Make Your Own Homemade Running Shoe Deodorizer?
Creating your own homemade running shoe deodorizer can be simple and effective by using readily available materials.
- Baking Soda: Baking soda is a natural deodorizer that absorbs moisture and neutralizes odors. Simply sprinkle a generous amount inside each shoe and leave it overnight; the next day, shake out the excess for fresher shoes.
- Essential Oils: Essential oils, such as lavender or tea tree oil, have antibacterial properties and add a pleasant scent. Mix a few drops with water in a spray bottle and lightly mist the inside of your shoes, allowing them to dry before wearing.
- Cornstarch: Cornstarch can absorb moisture and prevent odor buildup. Pour a small amount into each shoe, let it sit for a few hours, and then shake it out to help keep your shoes dry and smelling fresh.
- Activated Charcoal: Activated charcoal is known for its ability to absorb odors and toxins. Place a few pieces in a breathable pouch and leave it in your shoes overnight to effectively combat unpleasant smells.
- Vinegar Spray: Vinegar is a natural disinfectant that can eliminate bacteria causing odors. Mix equal parts of water and white vinegar in a spray bottle, spritz the insides of your shoes, and let them air out to remove any pungent smells.
What Other Tips Can Help Prevent Odor in Running Shoes?
To maintain freshness in running shoes, consider the following tips:
- Use Baking Soda: Sprinkle baking soda inside your shoes after a run to absorb moisture and odors. It acts as a natural deodorizer, neutralizing smells effectively while being safe for most shoe materials.
- Essential Oils: A few drops of essential oils, such as tea tree or lavender, can provide a pleasant scent and possess antimicrobial properties. These oils can help inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi within the shoe.
- Freeze Your Shoes: Placing your shoes in a plastic bag and freezing them overnight can kill off bacteria and fungi that cause odor. This method is particularly effective for eliminating stubborn smells without damaging the shoes.
- Dry After Use: Always let your shoes dry completely after each run by removing insoles and using a shoe dryer or newspaper. Moisture is a primary cause of odor, and allowing your shoes to dry properly will help prevent it.
- Rotate Shoes: Having multiple pairs of running shoes allows each pair to air out and dry between uses. This minimizes persistent moisture buildup and gives shoes ample time to recover from sweat and odors.
- Wash Insoles Regularly: Regularly cleaning your insoles can significantly reduce odors, as they often absorb sweat and bacteria. Most insoles can be hand-washed with mild soap and allowed to air dry before being placed back in the shoes.
- Use Commercial Deodorizers: Look for specialized running shoe deodorizers that contain antimicrobial agents designed specifically for athletic footwear. These products often provide long-lasting freshness and are formulated to tackle tough odors.
- Wear Moisture-Wicking Socks: Choosing socks made from moisture-wicking materials helps to keep your feet dry, reducing the sweat that can lead to odor in your shoes. Look for synthetic or merino wool options that effectively wick moisture away.
- Store Shoes Properly: Store your running shoes in a cool, dry place with good ventilation. Avoid leaving them in damp or enclosed spaces, as this can encourage bacteria growth and lead to unpleasant smells.